HYDERABAD international Airport

 The Bandra Cable Stay section of the Bandra Worli Sea Link is 600 metres in length and towers to a height of 126 metres.

The length of steel used for the cable stayed bridge of the sea-link is estimated to be close to 40,000 km while the pylons through which they are passed are approximately 180


 metres, the height of a six-storey building.






The cable stay system is made up of high strength galvanized steel wires which support the cable stay bridge weighing 20,000 tonne.







China which has been making breakthrough technological and engineering marvels in view of the Olympic games which are scheduled to showcase to the world the DEVLOPMENT it has been making behind the IRON CURTAIN.
The US has built a lot of them and most of europe has done it. So have the dubai brigade and the Asia's once upon a time there were .... TIGERS.

So now is it now INDIA's time to Showcase some creative engineering marvels ?
U can never say ?

I personally felt that there was no exact CREATIVE engineering marvel post independence. Except for the once built by the british or the maharajas.....
So I had to rethink?

The length of steel used for the cable stayed bridge of the sea-link is estimated to be close to 40,000 km while the pylons through which they are passed are approximately 180 metres, the height of a six-storey building.

Konkan Monsoon





Salma Hayek’s Makeup Line: Sold at CVS Exclusively!

 
I could write a whole bunch of words about the Cannes premiere of Puss in Boots that reach deep into your soul, creating a sense of childlike glee and wonder you’ve long since forgotten, but the important thing is Salma Hayek has gigantic breasts

Hailee Steinfeld steps onto the red carpet at the MET Ball held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Monday (May 2) in New York City.
The 14-year-old True Grit actress wore a Stella McCartney dress paired with Nicholas Kirkwood heels for the star studded celebration.
The event is hosted by honorary chairs Salma Hayek, her husband Francois-Henri Pinault, and co-chairs Colin Firth, designer Stella McCartney and Vogue editor Anna Wintour.
Last night’s show included a performance by Florence and the Machine!

 
Hopefully (!?!?) this is the last post of the day regarding the Met Gala and the parade of fug that we’ve been covering all day. And to celebrate, I give you Salma Hayek’s incredible boobs, clothed in this nude-peach Alexander McQueen. Salma’s date was her husband, Frenchie von Moneybags (I don’t feel like looking up the spelling of his real name!). I actually love Salma’s dress. I like that she went understated, and I like that the girls are contained beautifully.

Lovely Kuwait Girls





Roopa Kaur's Photos - TV Star

 
Asian community members, the 9/11 Commission that planned the memorial, the Anti-Defamation League of Arizona, and former Maricopa County Attorney Rick Romley, who prosecuted the case against Singh Sodhi’s murderer, all came out against the bill. The Sikh civil rights and educational group SALDEF circulated a petition, resulting in over 7,500 letters being sent to Brewer’s office in three days.





History Of Hyderabad Sindh

 Hyderabad is a city, district and division in the Sind province. The city is an administrative headquarters lying on the most northern hill of the Ganjo Takkar ridge just east of the River Indus. Being the third largest city of Pakistan, Hyderabad is a communication center, connected by rail with Peshawar and Karachi.
Founded in 1768 on the site of the ancient town of Nirun-Kot by Ghulam Shah Kalhora, the saintly ruler of Sind, it was named after the prophet Mohammed’s son-in-law, Ali, also known as Haidar. It remained the capital of Sind under the Talpur rulers who succeeded the Kalhoras till 1843 when, after the nearby battles of Miani and Dabo, it surrendered to the British, the capital was then transferred to Karachi.

Incorporated as a municipality in 1853, it is an important commercial and industrial center. Its economic activities include textile, sugar, cement, and hosiery mills, manufacturing of glass, soap, ice, paper, and plastics. There are hide tanneries and sawmills. Ornamented silks, silver-work, gold-work and lacquer ware are also some of its exclusive products. Noteworthy antiquities include the tombs of the Kalhora and Talpur ruler, palaces of the former amirs of Sind. Newly developed settlements and industrial estates surround the congested old city area. 

An noteworthy characteristic of this city is, badgirs (wind-catchers) fixed to housetops to catch sea breezes during the hot summer season. A hospital, municipal gardens, zoo, sports stadium, and several literary societies are in the city. The University of Sind with 32 affiliated colleges was founded in 1947 in Karachi and moved to Hyderabad in 1951, where it lies across the Indus. Other education needs are served by numerous government colleges, the Liaquat Medical College and specialized vocational institutions.

Its remained the capital of the emirate of sind until the British general Sir Charles James Napier conquered Sindh in 1843. From 1947 to 1955 Hyderabad was the capital of Sindh Province, the new capital was shifted to Hyderabad. In 1766 the Kalhora ruler constructed a fort half a square km in area and still stands today. In 1843 the British arrived and defeate the Talpurs, Completing their Conquest of Sindh.
It’s also a second largest city of Sindh Province. It has over 6 Millions population. The city has one of the most interesting bazaar of the country, which is known to be the longest bazaar in Asia. There are two very well arranged ethnological museums in the city One The Sindh Museum and the other the Institute of Sindhology Museum. Both museums present an excellent portrait of cultural and tribal life of Sindh. The city is transit point for the tours from Karachi to the Interior of Sindh A visit to Kalhora Monuments close to the city gate is worth a visit, Mausoleums are beautifully decorated with glazed tiles and frescos. There are also two forts from 18th & 19th Century to see here.
Famous for its cool breeze and balmy nights, and known for its Bombay Bakery Cakes, Its dellcate bangles and the paagalkhana called Giddu Bandar, Hyderabad is Sindh’s Second largest city, a city its inhabitants claim is the most beautiful in the world, Its spacious houses are known for their manghan, roshandans or ventillators and it is also known as “mangham jo shahar.”



A nerve center of Sindhi nationalist and literary movements, the city is now divided along on Sindhi-Mohajir lines to the extent that the warning ethnic groups even have different hospitals and in many cases, even their places of worship and graveyards are divided. The original old city, now dominated by the mohajirs, seems besieged by the surrounding Sindhi suburbs. At one time a hub of economic, educational and cultural activities, a breeding ground of academicians, philanthropists, writers, lawyers, politicians, journalists, actors and actresses, Hyderabad also had its industrialists, trade unionists, political activists, bureaucrats, bankers and diplomats who made a significant contribution to sub continental society. But this gracious city now seems to be slowly dying, although it still produces over a couple of dozen major and minor newspapers in both Sindhi and Urdu.
Hyderabad, once the capital of Sindh and now the third largest city of Pakistan, is one of the oldest cities of the sub-continent. Its history dates back to pre-Islamic times, when Ganjo Taken (barren hill), a nearby hilly trract, was used as a place of worship.

love poetry #1,2 & 3


love poetry #1



When the storms of life are raging
Stand by me
When the world is tossing me
Like a ship out on the sea
Thou who rulest when wanted
Stand by me
When I'm growing old and feeble
Stand by me
When I do the best I can
And my friends misunderstand
Thou who never lost a battle
Stand by me




                          love poetry #2
 
My heart is like a singing bird
Whose nest is in a watered shoot;
My heart is like an apple-tree
Whose boughs are bent with thick-set fruit;
My heart is like a rainbow shell
That paddles in a halcyon sea;
My heart is gladder than all these,
Because my love is come to me.
Raise my a dias of silk and down;
Hang it with vair and purple dyes;
Carve it in doves and pomegranates,
And peacocks with a hundred eyes;
Work it in gold and silver grapes,
In leaves and silver fleur-de-lys;
Because the birthday of my life
Is come, my love is come to me.

Mehndi Designs

The art of Mehndi designs have existed for centuries. The Mehndi designs are a part of Bridal Makeup in Pakistan & India. No Pakistani wedding is ever complete without the Mehndi designs. Whichever part of the country the bride may be from; her hands are adorned with the lovely red hue of the mehndi designs.
Mehndi designs have broken free of the traditional wedding, Eid days and are being applied for other formal and hip occasions. In its new avatar, mehndi designs have been elevated to the status of body art and a fashion accessory for the fashion-conscious youngsters of today.
Beauty parlors have particular bridal mehndi design packages nowadays; the brides now have a choice between the Pakistani mehndi design and the Arabic mehndi design. Pakistani mehndi designs are known for their detailed and fine fill-ins. These mehndi designs are famous for being modeled by Pakistani brides, as well as close female family members and friends. Delicate and intricate Rajasthani mehndi designs have been a traditional favorite, too. A full hand Mehndi design, either palm or back with the help of henna paste looks trendy, as well. Most traditional mehndi designs are based on very simple shapes - circles, triangles and lines are the most basic. These shapes can be combined to create a very intricate pattern and a very beautiful mehndi design on the palm. Tiny crystal granules are also used to embellish mehndi designs giving a rich effect.
Actress Demi Moore was among the first celebrities to be seen wearing mehndi designs on different body parts. From Madonna and Naomi Campbell to Drew Barrymore, the list of famous names smitten with mehndi design magic is ever increasing.
For best results of color in order to enhance the mehndi designs, mehdi should be applied two days before the occasion especially in case of marriages as it takes two days for the color to develop into its complete richness, preferably do not wet the hands for the two days, this tip will help you get the best color of your mehndi designs.
              

Be with Me 4Ever..As My Truth!


O Lord !...
You Always say That "I am The Truth!"
"Be With Truth"...Means ......
"You are With ME"!
So.... I always...always.....
Speak the Thruth....Hear the Truth!
Eat,Drink & Swallow..Only the Truth!
I Wakeup with Truth..Walk with the Truth!
I Sleep with theTruth..Sing with the Truth!
I Breath the Truth..I Digest Only the Truth!
And..I Always..Feel that....!!
O Lord!... You Are The Truth..You Are My Truth!
But Hay! ....
Not Everybody Likes "My Truth"..?
Some People Played game around "My Truth" !
They make fun on "My Truth"!...On You..
I Felt that they tried to put Me & You Down!
O Lord ! It's hurt a lot...lot, lot....lot, lot, lot....!..
So Once I Just decided .........
..... To live without The Truth...Without YOU..!
And..O Lord..! I Started To Feel..Like...
.........A Dummy & Gloomy...
............Sweaty & Restless...
O Lord...! I Felt totaly Helpless & Breathless!...
But.....Very next Moment.........
I have seen You with in Me!
With Love & Tears in your Eyes!
With Light & Cheers on your Face!
With Winky Looks & Smile...............
You Hug Me & Speak with Soft & Sweet Love..
"Dear...Don't Go Away from Me...PLZ.............!
I Love You with all Your Innocent TRUTH!
TRUTH is Only "Healthy food 4Life!
TRUTH always leads towards The True Life!
TRUTH has Power To Win Untruth..!
TRUTH brings Divine Happiness Around YOU!
TRUTH love BalRangVeerangUmangHreedy like You!
I M WITHIN YOU AS YOUR TRUTH!"
And... O Lord ! I Felt Like I Got My Breath Back with You!
. I decided To Live with..."MY TRUTH"! with..You!
And I am Living Wonderful Divine Life with MyTRUTH! with You!
O Lord..O Truth! I am always With You..4ever..!

New Joke For The Day4


Two Mates and Their Chick

Two mates were screwing the same chick at the same time, and they were greeted with the sad news one day that their common squeeze had got knocked up. Having no way of knowing which was the father, the two mates chipped in and sent her out of town to have the little bas.tard.
Several months passed without either of the mates hearing from the chick, so one of them decided to find her and get some news about the pregnancy. The next day, the other dude got a call from his mate.
"I've got some good news and some bad news," the mate said on the telephone.
"Well, give me the good news first," replied the other.
"The good news is that she's fine, and she had twins," came the reply.
"And the bad news?"
"Mine died"

Just a Small Blowie

A boy takes his girlfriend home after going out together.
When they reach the front door, he leans against the wall with one hand and says, "Sweetie, why don't you give me a blowjob?"
"What? You're crazy!"
"Don't worry, it will be quick, no problem."
"No!! S

omeone may see - a relative, a neighbor..."
"At this time of the night? No one will show up..."
"I've already said No, and NO!"
"Honey, it's just a small blowie...I know you'd like it, too..."
"No! I've said NO!"
"My love... Don't be like that..."
At this moment,

the  girlfriend's younger sister shows up at the door in her nightgown with her hair totally in disorder.
Rubbing her eyes, she says, "Dad says either you have to blow him, I have to blow him, or he will come down and give the guy a blowjob himself, but for God's sake, tell your boyfriend to take his

 

hand off the intercom!"

A Penny for Your Thoughts

A Scottish lad and lass were sitting together on a heathery hill in the Highlands. They had been silent fo

 

r a while; then the lass said, "A penny for your thoughts."
The lad was a bit abashed, but he finally said, "Well, I was thinkin' how nice it would be if ye'd give me a wee bit of a kiss."
So she did so. But he again lapsed into a pensive mood which lasted long enough for the lass to ask him, "What arre ye thinkin' now?"

 

To which the lad replied: "Well, I was hopin' ye hadn't forgot the penny!"

The Former Boyfriend's Revenge 

Two high school sweethearts who went out together for four years in high school were both virgins; they enjoyed losing their virginity with each other in 10th grade. When they graduated, they wanted to both go to the same college but the girl was accepted to a college on the east coast, and the guy went to the west coast. They agreed to be faithful to each other and spend anytime they could together.
As time went on, the guy would call the girl and she would never be home, and when he wrote, she would take weeks to return the letters. Even when he emailed her, she took days to return his messages.
Finally, she confessed to him she wanted to date around. He didn't take this very well and increased his calls, letters, and emails trying to win back her love. Because she became annoyed, and now had a new boyfriend, she wanted to get him off her back.
So, what she did is this: she took a Polaroid picture of her having sex with her new boyfriend's and sent it to her old boyfriend with a note reading, "I found a new boyfriend, leave me alone." Well, needless to say, this guy was heartbroken but, even more so, was pissed. So, what he did next was awesome.
He wrote on the back of the photo the following, "Dear Mom and Dad, having a great time at college, please send more money!" and mailed the picture to her parents.

Dating Dictionary

Attraction: the act of associating horniness with a particular person.
Love at First Sight: what occurs when two extremely horny, but not entirely choosy people meet.
Dating: the process of spending enormous amounts of money, time and energy to get better acquainted with a person whom you don't especially like in the present and will learn to like a lot less in the future.
Birth Control: avoiding pregnancy through such tactics as swallowing special pills, inserting a diaphragm, using a condom, and dating repulsive men.
Easy: a term used to describe a woman who has the sexual morals of a man.
Eye Contact: a method utilized by one person to indicate that they are interested in another. Despite being advised to do so, many men have difficulty looking a woman directly in the eyes, not necessarily due to shyness, but usually due to the fact that a woman's eyes are not located in her chest.
Friend: a person in your acquaintance who has some flaw which makes sleeping with him/her totally unappealing.
Indifference: a woman's feeling towards a man, which is interpreted by the man to be "playing hard to get".
Interesting: a word a man uses to describe a woman who lets him do all the talking.
Irritating Habit: what the endearing little qualities that initially attract two people to each other turn into after a few months together.
Law of Relativity: how attractive a given person appears to be is directly proportionate to how unattractive your date is.
Nymphomaniac: a man's term for a woman who wants to have sex more often than he does.
Sober: condition in which it is almost impossible to fall in love.

Man of Her Dreams

For several months, her phone rang off the hook, her doorbell was ringing constantly, she received tons of mail... all to no avail. None of the men seemed to meet her qualifications.
Then one day the doorbell rang yet again. She opened the door to find a man, with no arms and no legs, lying on the welcome mat. Perplexed, she asked, "Who are you and what do you want?"
"Hi," said the man "Your search is over, for I am the man of your dreams. I've got no arms, so I can't beat you up and I've got no legs, so I can't run away."
The old woman asked, "What makes you think you're so great in bed?"
To which he replied, "I rang the doorbell, didn't I?"

Blind Date


Joe took his blind date to the carnival. "What would you like to do first, Kim?" asked Joe. "I want to get weighed," she said. They ambled over to the weight guesser. He guessed 120 pounds. She got on the scale; it read 117 and she won a prize.
Next the couple went on the ferris wheel. When the ride was over, Joe again asked Kim what she would like to do. "I want to get weighed," she said. Back to the weight guesser they went. Since they had been there before, he guessed her correct weight, and Joe lost his dollar.
The couple walked around the carnival and again he asked where to next. "I want to get weighed," she responded. By this time, Joe figured she was really weird and took her home early, dropping her off with a handshake.
Her roommate, Laura, asked her about the blind date, "How'd it go?"
Kim responded, "Oh, Waura, it was wousy."

Jane and Tarzan

One day Jane met Tarzan in the jungle. She was very attracted to him and, during her questions about his life, she asked him how he managed for sx. "What's that?" he asked. She explained to him what sx was, and he said, "Oh, Tarzan use hole in trunk of tree."
Horrified, she said, "Tarzan you have that all wrong! I will show you how to do it properly." She took off her clothes, lay down on the ground, and spread her legs wide. "Here," she said, pointing, "You must put it in here."
Tarzan removed his loincloth, stepped closer and then gave her an almighty kick in the crotch. Jane rolled around in agony. Eventually she managed to gasp, "Why the hell did you do that?"
"Tarzan check for bees!"

Pierre the Fighter Pilot

Pierre, a brave French fighter pilot, takes his girlfriend, Marie, out for a pleasant little picnic by the River Seine. It's a beautiful day and love is in the air.
Marie leans over to Pierre and says: "Pierre, kiss me!" Our hero grabs a bottle of Merlot and splashes it on Marie's lips.
"What are you doing, Pierre?", says the startled Marie.
"I am Pierre the fighter pilot! When I have red meat, I like to have red wine!
She smiles and they start kissing. When things began to heat up a little, Marie says, "Pierre, kiss me lower."
Our hero tears her blouse open, grabs a bottle of Chardonnay and starts pouring it all over her breasts.
"Pierre! What are you doing?', asks the bewildered Marie.
"I am Pierre the fighter pilot! When I have white meat, I like to have white wine!"
They resume their passionate interlude and things really steam up. Marie leans close to his ear and whispers, "Pierre, kiss me lower!"
Our hero rips off her underwear, grabs a bottle of Cognac and pours it in her lap. He then strikes a match and lights it on fire.
Marie shrieks and dives into the river. Standing waist deep, Marie throws her arms upwards and screams furiously, "Pierre, what in the hell do you think you're doing?"
"I am Pierre the fighter pilot! When I go down, I go down in flames!"

Bob Forgets His Wedding Anniversary


Bob was in trouble. He forgot his wedding anniversary. His wife was really pissed.
She told him "Tomorrow morning, I expect to find a gift in the driveway that goes from 0 to 200 in 6 seconds and it better be there!!"
The next morning he got up early and left for work. When his wife woke up, she looked out the window and sure enough there was a box gift-wrapped in the middle of the driveway.
Confused, the wife put on her robe and ran out to the driveway, brought the box back in the house.
She opened it and found a brand new bathroom scale.
Bob has been missing since Friday.

Fishing Trip

A woman is in bed with her lover who also happens to be her husband's best friend. They make love for hours, and afterward they're just lying there, enjoying the nearness of each other. The phone rings, and because it's the woman's house, she reaches over and picks up the receiver.
Her lover looks over and listens, only hearing her side of the conversation.
She is speaking in a cheery voice. "Hello? Oh, hi! So glad you called. Really. That's wonderful! I'm so happy for you. Sounds terrific. Great! Thanks! Okay. Buh-bye."
She hangs up the phone and her lover asks, "Who was that?"
"Oh," she replies, " that was my husband telling me what a wonderful time he's having on his fishing trip with you."

A Brief History of Gilgit


This is a rather self-contained excerpt from my two-part article in The Statesman www.thestatesman.net of June 4-5 2006 titled “Pakistan’s Allies”.
“Jammu & Kashmir and especially Gilgit-Baltistan adjoins the Pashtun regions whose capital has been Peshawar. In August-November 1947, a British coup d’etat against J&K State secured Gilgit-Baltistan for the new British Dominion of Pakistan.
The Treaty of Amritsar had nowhere required Gulab Singh’s dynasty to accept British political control in J&K as came to be exercised by British “Residents” in all other Indian “Native States”. Despite this, Delhi throughout the late 19th Century relentlessly pressed Gulab Singh’s successors Ranbir Singh and Partab Singh to accept political control. The Dogras acquiesced eventually. Delhi’s desire for control had less to do with the welfare of J&K’s people than with protection of increasing British interests in the area, like European migration to Srinagar Valley and guarding against Russian or German moves in Afghanistan.
“Sargin” or “Sargin Gilit”, later corrupted by the Sikhs and Dogras into “Gilgit”, had an ancient people who spoke an archaic Dardic language “intermediate between the Iranian and the Sanskritic”. “The Dards were located by Ptolemy with surprising accuracy on the West of the Upper Indus, beyond the headwaters of the Swat River (Greek: Soastus) and north of the Gandarae (i.e. Kandahar), who occupied Peshawar and the country north of it. This region was traversed by two Chinese pilgrims, Fa-Hsien, coming from the north about AD 400 and Hsuan Tsiang, ascending from Swat in AD 629, and both left records of their journeys.”
Gilgit had been historically ruled by a Hindu dynasty called Trakane; when they became extinct, Gilgit Valley “was desolated by successive invasions of neighbouring rulers, and in the 20 or 30 years ending with 1842 there had been five dynastic revolutions. The Sikhs entered Gilgit about 1842 and kept a garrison there.” When J&K came under Gulab Singh, “the Gilgit claims were transferred with it, and a boundary commission was sent” by the British. In 1852 the Dogras were driven out with 2,000 dead. In 1860 under Ranbir Singh, the Dogras “returned to Gilgit and took Yasin twice, but did not hold it. They also in 1866 invaded Darel, one of the most secluded Dard states, to the south of the Gilgit basin but withdrew again.”
The British appointed a Political Agent in Gilgit in 1877 but he was withdrawn in 1881. “In 1889, in order to guard against the advance of Russia, the British Government, acting as the suzerain power of Kashmir, established the Gilgit Agency”. The Agency was re-established under control of the British Resident in Jammu & Kashmir. “It comprised the Gilgit Wazarat; the State of Hunza and Nagar; the Punial Jagir; the Governorships of Yasin, Kuh-Ghizr and Ishkoman, and Chilas”. In 1935, the British demanded J&K lease to them for 60 years Gilgit town plus most of the Gilgit Agency and the hill-states Hunza, Nagar, Yasin and Ishkuman. Hari Singh had no choice but to acquiesce. The leased region was then treated as part of British India, administered by a Political Agent at Gilgit responsible to Delhi, first through the Resident in J& K and later a British Agent in Peshawar. J& K State no longer kept troops in Gilgit and a mercenary force, the Gilgit Scouts, was recruited with British officers and paid for by Delhi. In April 1947, Delhi decided to formally retrocede the leased areas to Hari Singh’s J& K State as of 15 August 1947. The transfer was to formally take place on 1 August.
On 31 July, Hari Singh’s Governor arrived to find “all the officers of the British Government had opted for service in Pakistan”. The Gilgit Scouts’ commander, a Major William Brown aged 25, and his adjutant, a Captain Mathieson, planned openly to engineer a coup détat against Hari Singh’s Government. Between August and October, Gilgit was in uneasy calm. At midnight on 31 October 1947, the Governor was surrounded by the Scouts and the next day he was “arrested” and a provisional government declared.
Hari Singh’s nearest forces were at Bunji, 34 miles from Gilgit, a few miles downstream from where the Indus is joined by Gilgit River. The 6th J& K Infantry Battalion there was a mixed Sikh-Muslim unit, typical of the State’s Army, commanded by a Lt Col. Majid Khan. Bunji controlled the road to Srinagar. Further upstream was Skardu, capital of Baltistan, part of Laddakh District where there was a small garrison. Following Brown’s coup in Gilgit, Muslim soldiers of the 6th Infantry massacred their Sikh brothers-at-arms at Bunji. The few Sikhs who survived escaped to the hills and from there found their way to the garrison at Skardu.
On 4 November 1947, Brown raised the new Pakistani flag in the Scouts’ lines, and by the third week of November a Political Agent from Pakistan had established himself at Gilgit. Brown had engineered Gilgit and its adjoining states to first secede from J&K, and, after some talk of being independent, had promptly acceded to Pakistan. His commander in Peshawar, a Col. Bacon, as well as Col. Iskander Mirza, Defence Secretary in the new Pakistan and later to lead the first military coup détat and become President of Pakistan, were pleased enough. In July 1948, Brown was awarded an MBE (Military) and the British Governor of the NWFP got him a civilian job with ICI~ which however sent him to Calcutta, where he came to be attacked and left for dead on the streets by Sikhs avenging the Bunji massacre. Brown survived, returned to England, started a riding school, and died in 1984. In March 1994, Pakistan awarded his widow the Sitara-I-Pakistan in recognition of his coup détat.
Gilgit’s ordinary people had not participated in Brown’s coup which carried their fortunes into the new Pakistan, and to this day appear to remain without legislative representation. It was merely assumed that since they were mostly Muslim in number they would wish to be part of Pakistan ~ which also became Liaquat Ali Khan’s assumption about J&K State as a whole in his 1950 statements in North America. What the Gilgit case demonstrates is that J&K State’s descent into a legal condition of ownerless anarchy open to “Military Decision” had begun even before the Pakistani invasion of 22 October 1947 (viz. “Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman, 1-3 December 2005). Also, whatever else the British said or did with respect to J & K, they were closely allied to the new Pakistan on the matter of Gilgit.”

    Beautiful Places

    Beautiful Places (Photo)
    Beautiful Places (Photo)
    Beautiful Places (Photo)

    Art Space: Architecture and Landscape Digital Arts Challenge winners


    Annie at Ballistic Media (no strangers to the blog with their extremely gorgeous books on digital art, which you can see on our webstore here) kindly drops me a line to say that the winners of the NVArt digital art challenge – this year with the theme Art Space: Architecture and Landscape Digital Arts, the second in a worldwide series of digital art competitions – have been announced by NVIDIA and the CG Society. “We invited artists to stand on the shoulders of giants like architect Frank Gehry and gaze into the far reaches of their imaginations,” said Mark Snoswell, president of CGSociety, a global organization for digital artists. “Our artists have created wonderful places that are pure art, where one can wake each day to marvel at the play of light through fantastical spaces and at vibrant fusions of light, color, and texture.”
    Regular readers will know that I am a big fan of some of the artwork Ballistic and the CG Society have been involved in fostering – some of the art is now really becoming hard to identify as ‘digital looking’ (which was always a bit of a problem with earlier digital work, even when well executed and imagined there was a certain look to it which marked it as CG) and as an added bonus for we geeks there is often a science fiction or fantasy influence to many of the works. Entries came from all around the globe, but the submissions were finally whittled down to three main award winners:
    1st place: “Complex at the Centre of the Universe” by Staszek Marek, Poland
    In a Beautiful Place out in the Country Colin Cassidy NVart.jpg
    Obviously being a little biased I am delighted to see several Brits among the winners and the honourable mentions, but to be honest I’m even more delighted to see how international the range of entries was, with artists from Spain, the Netherlands, Croatia, Russia, America, Turkey, Canada and many more taking part, which is always a heartening thing to see in any art competition

    Tangent Galvanometer

     The tangent galvanometer was first described in an 1837 paper by Claude-Servais-Mathias Pouillet (1790-1868), who later employed this sensitive form of galvanometer to verify Ohm's law. To use the galvanometer, it is first set up on a level surface and the coil aligned with the magnetic north-south direction. This means that the compass needle at the middle of the coil is parallel with the plane of the coil when it carries no current. The current to be measured is now sent through the coil, and produces a magnetic field, perpendicular to the plane of the coil, and directly proportional to the current

    one arrives at the total current. The DC voltmeter , which can measure direct voltage, consists of a calibrated galvanometer connected in series with a high resistance. To measure the voltage between two points, one connects the voltmeter between them. The current through the galvanometer (and hence the pointer reading) is then proportional to the voltage. 

    Ammeter shunts

    An ammeter shunt is a special type of current-sensing resistor, having four terminals and a value in milliohms or even micro-ohms. Current-measuring instruments, by themselves, can usually accept only limited currents. To measure high currents, the current passes through the shunt, where the voltage drop is measured and interpreted as current. A typical shunt consists of two solid metal blocks, sometimes brass, mounted on to an insulating base. Between the blocks, and soldered or brazed to them, are one or more strips of low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) manganin alloy. Large bolts threaded into the blocks make the current connections, while much-smaller screws provide voltage connections. Shunts are rated by full-scale current, and often have a voltage drop of 50 mV at rated current. Such meters are adapted to the shunt full current rating by using an appropriately marked dial face; no change need be made to the other parts of the meter.s) which is relevent in the practical manufacturing of circuits using them.          
    An ammeter is used in series to measure the current flow in a particular 
    circuit.  It must provide a path for the entire current.  It would be difficult 
    to develop a meter that would handle significant amounts of current.  With that 
    in mind, the ammeter uses a shunt to allow some of the current to travel 
    through a course parallel to the meter.  If the shunt malfunctions, it is 
    likely the meter will not be able to handle the current.
    
                     

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